How The United States and Britain Killed Iraq... Twice

During his first 10 years in power, Saddam Hussein was a United States ally who gained full military and political support during his war with Iran, received biological and chemical weapons that were used against Iranians, acquired military aid during his 1988 gassing of Kurdish people in Halabja, and received dual-use materials to build weapons of mass destructions. The United States backed Saddam Hussein, financed him and equipped him, but eventually turned against him when he started to get out of control and was no longer serving the imperial interests. The United States Government later exploited all the atrocities committed by Saddam Hussein, that were originally committed with their support, to justify two crimes that had a significant impact on the Iraq we are witnessing today. 

What made Saddam Hussein turn from an ally to a nemesis was his invasion of Kuwait, because that was not supported by the United States. And after Zbigniew Brzezinski, the United States National Security Advisor, declared "We see no fundamental incompatibility of interests between the United States and Iraq” in 1980 while Saddam was massacring Shias, 22 years later, George Bush declared that Saddam Hussein is a “murderous tyrant” who is posing an imminent threat to the United States, and that he is “not willing to stake one American life on trusting Saddam Hussein”, when Saddam announced that he does not have weapons of mass destruction.

First Crime:

ِAfter the invasion of Kuwait, the UN Security Council imposed sanctions against Iraq that banned all financial transactions with Iraq, international flights to Iraq, and trade with Iraq, but it was well understood that these sanctions were originally imposed by the United States and Britain. When Saddam Hussein refused to withdraw his forces from Kuwait, the US-led coalition launched air assault and land attack on Iraq and its forces in Kuwait and the Iraqi forces finally forfeited from Kuwait. 

Depleted uranium, considered to be a weapon of mass destruction, was proven to have been used by the United states and Britain during their air assault on Iraq and Kuwait. Over 300 tons were fired. The effect was and is still horrendous. There was a sharp increase in cancer cases, congenital malformation, malignancy, leukaemia, and brain tumours. In the words of John Pilger: “what happened in the gulf war was a form of nuclear warfare”. The imposed sanctions, which were maintained even after Iraq withdrew from Kuwait, blocked equipment and expertise to decontaminate the areas targeted with depleted uranium. Much worse, all types of medicine were blocked from entering Iraq on the basis that medicine could be converted into chemical weapons, leaving the people of Iraq with untreated fatal diseases. 

Books, textbooks, journals and newspapers were banned. Even pencils, because graphite might be used for nuclear reactors. For a country dependent on oil for revenue, those sanctions were devastating. Chlorine was also banned and sewage was discharged untreated into the euphrates, diseases that have been eradicated in the 1970’s, such as cholera and typhoid, returned. Even though food and medicine were explicitly exempted from banned goods, because the United States and Britain dominated the Security Council food and medicine were blocked from entering Iraq. During the first eight months of sanctions 47,000 children under the age of 5 died. By 1997 some 7000 children were dying each month of hunger and disease. According to UN estimates sanctions cost the lives of over 1 million Iraqis.

The “Oil for Food” program, which allowed Iraq to sell a fraction of its oil for money that goes straight into an account controlled by the Security Council, was not sufficient in alleviating the crisis. According to Hans Von Sponeck, a UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Baghdad, the program provided only $100 for each person to live on for a full year. Even after the sanctions were lifted, the Security Council still maintained 20 million dollars of oil revenues until 2016 to cover the expenses of all activities related to the program. The Security Council also has the right to maintain approximately 131 million dollars to cover the expenses of the UN representatives and agents that have worked on the program.

Dennis Halliday, the UN’s coordinator of Humanitarian Relief in Iraq resigned in protest against the effect of the sanctions. He said:”we are waging a war, through the United Nations, on the children and people of Iraq”, “I had been instructed to implement a policy that satisfies the definition of a genocide; a deliberate policy that has effectively killed well over a million individual, children and adults.”

In 1991, the United Nations Security Council announced that if Iraq renounced its weapons of mass destruction and agreed to monitoring by the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM), the sanctions would be lifted. By 1988, UNSCOM agreed that all weapons infrastructure and programmes were completely eliminated. 

After 8 years, the brutal effect of the sanctions left the people of Iraq in extreme poverty and sever devastation. The regime of Saddam Hussein came out much more powerful than before. When asked if the death of half a million Iraqi children was a price worth paying for sanctions, the United States ambassador to the United Nations, Madeline Albright, replied: ”we think the price is worth it.”

Second Crime:

After the atrocious sanctions that brought Iraq down to its knees, another atrocity was orchestrated by the United States that was to crush Iraq socially, economically and politically. The invasion of Iraq was to ensure that Iraq will never rise again to its feet, that Iraq will forever be a subordinate of the United States. First, the invasion was carried out because Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destructions which posed a threat to the national security of the United States, and because Saddam Hussein had links with AlQaeda in the 9/11 bombing. When weapons of mass destruction were not found, and links with AlQaeda failed to be proven, the pretext changed, Saddam Hussein became a ruthless dictator that needed to be dismantled to liberate Iraq from his fist. Even though there was enormous international opposition to the war and a lack of credible evidence that condemns Iraq, the United States and Britain waged the war.

Before the invasion, many experts had warned that the invasion will stimulate terrorism. The leading international military-intelligence journal concluded that “attacking Iraq would intensify Islamic terrorism not reduce it”,”a war in Iraq threatens to fuel unrest and create new terrorist threats”. Those predictions were proven to be true. A UN report indicated that recruitment for alQaeda increased in thirty to forty countries as the United States began the planning of the invasion. According to terrorism specialists Peter Bergen and Paul Cruickshank, terrorism increased sevenfold in Iraq after the invasion.

During the seven year invasion, the Iraqi people were once again victims of the ferocious foreign policy of the United States. According to the British polling agency Opinion Research Business, the death toll reached 1.03 million. 5% of Iraq’s 27 million population were killed, wounded or uprooted. The once rich agricultural system of Iraq was severely damaged to the extent that there are serious concerns whether anything can be grown again. 

In April 2004, The United States army launched an assault on the city of Fallujah where most of the city’s 300,000 population were displaced. White phosphorus was used by the US army, till today, the people of Fallujah are still suffering from the consequences of this fatal chemical weapon. In the words of Nir Rosen, a journalist and a chronicler of the Iraq war, “Iraq has been killed, never to rise again. The American occupation has been more disastrous than that of the Mongols who sacked Baghdad in the thirteenth century.”

With the power vacuum created by the invasion, militias began to form and sectarian conflicts between Sunnis, Shias, and Kurds erupted. The power shift from Sunnis, who were dominating the political scene before the invasion, to Shias eventually led to a civil war fought mainly between Sunnis and Shia. That is in addition to the ethnic cleansing that Baghdad and other cities and villages were subjected to on the hands of the invasion forces and militias.

If we look at Iraq today with the rise of the Islamic State and the divisions and conflicts that succeeded it, we can easily trace the origins of this crisis to the crimes committed by the United States and Britain. But all that was well worth it for the United States. After all they gained control over a country that is the second largest source of oil in the world and is conveniently positioned in a major energy-producing region, the Middle East. That was vivid during the beginning of the invasion when protecting oil fields was of a high priority while Iraq’s infrastructure and historical monuments were left to destruction. The once nationalised Iraqi oil became greatly privatised as stated in the Declaration of Principles, that was signed by the United States and Iraq in 2007, that the United States has the right to remain indefinitely in Iraq to deter foreign aggression and maintain internal security, and to encourage the flow of foreign investment to Iraq, especially American investment.

In reality, Iraq has been killed many times on the hands of the United States. It is quite true that Saddam Hussein was a brutal dictator, but his successor, is another U.S-backed dictator. Iraq still lives under an authoritarian regime that deprives the Iraqis of their basic rights. It is only ironic that George Bush claims that Iraq was a great accomplishments. If he means destroying the legacy of the cradle of civilisation and turning it into a haven for terrorism, killing over 1 million people, displacing millions others, and destabilising an entire region, then yes Iraq was a “great accomplishment”. 

On Islam, The U.S and The Media

Is Islam a violent religion? Does Islam promote violence? How should we deal with Islamic terrorism? These questions have been circulating across the media in what seems to be a persistent attack on Islam and Muslims worldwide. The media has definitely succeeded in spreading a false narrative on Islam portraying Muslims as violent people who adhere to a violent religion with controversial teachings.

Bill Maher and Sam Harris, two prominent atheists who reject the notion of religion, have been criticising Islam and regarding it as a real threat in today’s world. In his show, “Real Time With Bill Maher”, Maher, Sam Harris and Ben Affleck got into a heated debate over “Radical Islam” where Maher and harris were very affirmative in their view that Islam is a serious threat that needs to be dealt with. Maher even said that Islam is the “only religion that acts like a mafia”. Would Bill Maher dare say a similar thing about other religions? I don’t think so. 

Bill Maher and Sam Harris are not the only people critical of Islam. In a recent CNN interview with Reza Aslan, a religions scholar, CNN’s Don Lemon and Alison Cemerota carried out a conversation about Islamophobia with radical generalisations on Muslims. Aslan pointed out that these generalisations are the definition of bigotry and that one can not use two or three examples of extremism and generalise it on all people. 

To prove Reza Aslan’s point, there are approximately 15,000 Al-Qaeda members, 60,000 Taliban members, and 32,000 IS members. While there are 1.6 billion Muslims around the world, this means that only 0.007% of Muslims are affiliated with terrorist organisations. Not only is that a fraction of a fraction, but this number also proves the duplicity of the media.  

This negative sentiment towards Muslims and Islam has been growing in a more than 10 years period, specifically after 9/11, when the hijackers were reported to be Muslims affiliated with Al-Qaeda, even though it was never proven that Al-Qaeda was behind the bombing. A month later, the United States invaded Afghanistan as the first country in their series of “War on Terror” and in response to the 9/11 bombing. 

In 2003, Bush declared Saddam Hussein to have links with Al-Qaeda and waged a war on Iraq on the basis of his foreign policy course labeled the Bush Doctrine: preemptive action is justified when launched in order to protect national security. Saddam Hussein was also accused of possessing WMD’s and producing nuclear weapons, which eventually were never proven to be true.

Interestingly, Since 9/11, the US and Israel have bombed 14 Muslim countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, Libya, Iran, Sudan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Tunisia. More than half of these countries are in the Middle East.

The Middle East is a vital part of the world, rich in natural resources with a strategic position. It has been a target for colonisation for centuries. Adolf Berle, one of the leading liberal advisors for many presidents, said that if the United States can control Middle East energy, that will provide them with “substantial control of the world”. That statement bears a lot of significance in today’s world.

The west, as an imperial power, has two fundamental issues with Islam. The first is that they know that political Islam can never turn into a neoliberal or a pro-western regime, which of course poses a serious issue to them. The second is that Islam happens to be the religion of the most vital region in the world, the Middle East. The negative sentiment towards Islam, that was discussed in the beginning, was efficient in mobilising the public opinion to accept the many invasions in the Middle East. It is an old United States policy, demonise the enemy to justify the invasion. 

As Muslims are being condemned by the media because of the actions of a minority that does not represent them, the United States is allowed to commit far worse actions that do represent its government and foreign policy without being condemned. On that, what George Orwell said comes to mind: “actions are held to be good or bad, not on their own merits, but according to who does them”. 

A revolution is never the solution

Revolutions across the Middle East have been much appreciated by the political arena, media, and people. People taking to the streets in what is now called “The Arab Spring” protesting against their oppressive regimes which they have been ruled by for decades sounds very heroic, courageous, and perhaps rational; and when you think about it, it does reflect the unity of people and their willingness to sacrifice for the sake of justice and freedom.

However, when we look at the bloodletting, sectarianism, and divisions which resulted from these revolutions, a question comes to mind: was revolutions the only solution to end those dictatorial regimes? Was there a better alternative that could have preserved people’s life and narrowed the chances of falling into chaos and upheaval?

First of all, if a nation is ought to overthrow a president, they should consciously realize that the corruption which they have been living under was not caused by this single person, rather by the entire regime, the entire government, the entire system. To think that Mubarak, Assad, or Gadhafi were the masterminds behind the political, social and economic disasters the country has fallen into, and that by ousting them the people can elect a new president who will fix the situation is rather irrational. These oppressive regimes were not born in a day and night. It took years for this corrupted ideology to develop, spread, and be absorbed. 

Therefore, the counter alternative of revolutions is a process that will take not days or weeks, but a number of years that is equivalent to the years lived in corruption. People must realize that in order to solve the crisis, the ideology behind their suffering must be brought to an end peacefully and without meeting chaos with chaos. The suitable solution would be to take a soft transitional process to fix the situation inside-out, not the opposite. Starting by fixing the non-political entities in the country: education, health, judiciary… etc. the reason is, a corrupted system means corruption reached those non-political elements, it means the society has been drowning in corruption for years which people have become part of, and it is impossible to eradicate it in a short period of time. 

Through this process, people will not only contribute in the making of a better future, but will also spread awareness among people and raise a responsible generation that does not accept corruption and is willing to preserve its values and morals in the face of a dictatorial regime. Slowly over the years change will inevitably reach the political domain and the regime will fall subsequently. 

Undoubtedly, it will take many years, perhaps generations, to witness the change. But what have been subverted throughout the years cannot be reversibly fixed by a revolution that lasts a week, a month or even a year. The consequences of a revolution will lead to drastic circumstances, civil war, bloodletting, subversion, and yet worse another tyrant might seize power.  These drastic events, again, will not end in a day and night; years might pass before peace is finally restored.

Looking back at countries that were part of the Arab Spring, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Yemen, and Syria, none of these countries are living a “spring” after the successful ouster of their presidents. Most if not all of these revolutions suffered, during and after the revolution, from violence and killings. Peaceful protests in Syria drifted into a civil war with the Assad regime clinching to power for more than two years, and now a sectarian conflict has evolved leading the country into more turmoil. In Egypt, though the revolution seemed successful and promising after the Egyptians had their first democratic elections, it is as if they are going back to square zero after the military coup that ousted the first democratically elected president. The military is now violently dispersing sit-ins killing hundreds of people. Other countries are not far better, old regimes are trying to get back to the political scene or are already back, divisions among political groups are causing more instability and there is this struggle to find a national political process that will unify the country. 

The United States should intervene in Syria

Several debates have been going on as to whether the U.S. should intervene in Syria. Some have been questioning why the U.S has not made any intervention yet considering the dreadful situation that the country has plunged into. President Obama announced that using chemical weapons by Assad forces is a red line and would be unacceptable, a statement that makes you feel that killing people using other weapons is not that bad of a thing, and although Assad did indeed use chemical weapons on the defenceless population of Ghouta, president Obama apparently could not keep up to his word.

However, the argument that should be put on the table is why are people expecting a heroic action from the U.S to save Syria and bring it to salvation?

The simplest answer to that is because the U.S has the highest number of foreign interventions in all times. A country that has been able to spread and pertain its hegemony for a long time. It is, after all, a country that has over 1000 military bases all around the world, and its interventions have been quite significant. From overthrowing foreign governments that oppose its ideology and interpretation of democracy, to killing innocent people in the war on terror by committing terror itself. In a matter of fact listing all the countries that the U.S has intervened in, in a direct or indirect way, would take a long amount of time.

Take for example two of the recent U.S interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan.

In Iraq, the courageous intervention was an attempt, or so they claimed, to bring down Saddam Husain and his assumed nuclear weapons, which were never found. However, the invasion drifted into a war that lasted 8 years, during which the Iraqi oil was exploited. Before the invasion the Iraqi oil was completely nationalized, after the invasion, however, it became greatly privatized by foreign companies to benefit from. 80% of oil production is being exported out of Iraq, while Iraqis are struggling to meet their basic needs with 25% of the population living in poverty.

The death toll exceeded 800,000 people. Even though the invasion took place in 2003 and Saddam Husain was ousted and captured during the same year, the war did not end till end of 2011. It was a war for oil with no doubt about it. The invasion was well planned ahead with the purpose of taking over Iraq’s oil, not to bring down a dictator or to relieve the world from the threat of “invisible” WMDs.

In the case of Afghanistan, the U.S invasion was merely retaliation for the 9/11 bombing which Al-Qaida was accused for, even though it was never proven. No hesitation, no delays. The U.S had to hit back immediately to prove its deterrence capacity, which was proven very well in Afghanistan as more than 30,000 people were killed. Mush more disappointing, Al-Qaeda was not even close to diminishing, it became more powerful and more widely spread across other countries. Furthermore, opium trade has increased exponentially since the beginning of the invasion. The U.S installed Hamid Karzai as president who is failing to restore order in the country and dismantle Taliban and Al-Qaeda.

President Obama stated that troops will withdraw from Afghanistan by the end of 2014. More than 10 years of war with a fake enemy subverted Afghanistan, crushed it socially and economically, and turned it into a haven for terrorists.

Syria fell into civil war between the Assad army and the opposition forces, after peaceful protests took place two years ago. With Russia and Iran, major Syria allies, backing the Assad regime, the process of overthrowing the dictator and his regime is taking a long time. Thousands have been either killed or displaced due to the atrocities committed by the current regime. The number of refugees is over 2.5 million, and the numbers of who were killed is 100,000. Moreover, a sectarian conflict is rising and spilling of the border to neighboring countries. The Sunni opposition is fighting the Alawite Assad regime, with Shiite Hezbollah siding by the regime the conflict is getting even worse.

Thus, “the United States should intervene in Syria” is rather an absurd argument. An intervention only comes with an interest. The U.S has indeed a great interest in Syria, because removing Assad regime from power means removing Iran’s and Russia’s only ally in the area, in addition to protecting Israel from any implications the war might cause. However, Syria is better off without the U.S intervention which will draw only subversion and exploiting. Should the U.S intervene in Syria it would not be difficult to predict the future for the country, Syria will get out of its civil war and enter a new war with a western power.

1948... Never To Be Forgotten

“Massacre of innocent people is a serious matter. It is not a thing to be easily forgotten. It is our duty to cherish their memory”

Mahatma Gandhi (2 July 1947)

Today, 15^th of May marks the anniversary of Nakbah. Sixty five years have passed since the invasion of Palestine by Zionists. The horrific assault on Palestine displaced the Palestinian population, left them no land but the Gaza Strip and part of the West Bank, while Zionist annexed their land. 

In 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly UNGA approved a resolution to divide the British mandated Palestine to 56% Jewish state, and 44% Arab state. In 1948, the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians began, and the notorious state of Israel was formed. From 1948 to 1967 Israel annexed larger parts of Palestine to become part of their state. Through this illegal process Israel occupied 78% of Palestine which caused many Palestinians to leave their land and become refugees. During the 1967 war Israel occupied Gaza Strip and the West Bank. To this date the situation has not changed, meaning that the entire land of Palestine is currently occupied by Israel.

The annexation of Palestine is a systematic genocide aimed to the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, and replacing their land with a Zionist state. From the beginning of the invasion, countless crimes have been committed against the Palestinian population. With the U.S. support and funding, up until today, Israel is not only acquiring weapons to kill Palestinians but are also enjoying immunity against condemnation for their rigorous actions. Defence Minister Moshe Dayan who was in charge of the occupied territories after 1967 stated: “you Palestinians, as a nation, don’t want us today, but we’ll change your attitude by forcing our presence on you. You will live like dogs, and whoever will leave, will leave,”

Between 1948 and 1967 Gaza became a refugee camp. A million and a half Palestinian currently live in this city while Israel occupies the rest of Palestine. Gaza is one of the most densely populated places in the world. In 1994 Gaza was circled with an electric fence which turned it into a prison. Palestinians are deprived of their basic human rights with Israel preventing human aid from crossing into Gaza, and since Israel also holds water and electricity infrastructure, Palestinians are left there to live in inhuman conditions.

From 2000 and later, Israel’s violence against Palestinians escalated dramatically. In June 2006, Israel launched the operation “Summer Rains”. Since there is no rain in Palestine during summer, these rains were meant to be F-16 bombs aiming to kill Palestinians and level their land. It has been stated that this operation was the most brutal attack since 1967. Just a few months later another operation “Autumn Clouds” was conducted in November 2006. 200 civilians were killed half of them were women and children.

In September 2006, an average of 8 Palestinians died daily. 660 civilians were reported dead during 2006 alone, 141 of whom were children. Since 2006, 4000 Palestinians have been killed. As horrific as these statistics may sound, it is shocking how the world is silent about these crimes. 

27 December 2008 marks an unforgettable date in the history of the invasion. On this day Israel launched operation “Cast Lead” committing air and ground assaults and dropping 1000 tons of explosives on the defenceless population of Gaza. During the Gaza massacre Israel used white phosphorus shells against Palestinians civilians. White phosphorus is a deadly substance that burns the human skin to the bones. Unsurprisingly, it was supplied by the U.S. without any doubt this is an act of terrorism and Israel deserves to be punished for violating international laws. But who is listening?

The assault on Gaza aimed at  “the destruction of all means of life” as officials warned, and indeed that was precisely what happened. In the first few minutes of the invasion 300 Palestinians were killed. Gaza was severely damaged due to the attack; 100,000 Palestinians were left homeless after the invasion. In addition, Agricultural land was destroyed, creating a major food crisis. An informal Israeli strategic analyst stated “the IDF, which planned to attack buildings and sites, populated by hundreds of people, did not want them in advance to leave, but intended to kill a great many of them, and succeeded.” 

The IDF issued a number of statements claiming that the army did its best to avoid killing civilians, that it only targeted Hamas military bases. IDF alleged that it “clearly discriminated between military and civilian targets”. Other statements claimed that the IDF even provided injured civilians with medical aid. All these statements are refutable, as none of them are true. A company commander told his soldiers before the attack “we’re going to war”. “I want aggressiveness. If there’s someone suspicious on the upper floor of a house, we’ll shell it. If we have suspicions about a house we’ll take it down… there will be no hesitation.” “When we suspect that a Palestinian fighter is hiding in a house, we shoot it with a missile and then with two tank shells, and then a bulldozer hits the wall, it causes damage but it prevents the loss of life among soldiers” a senior IDF officer told Haaretz.

Testimonies of the IDF soldiers also refuted these lies. “We didn’t see a single house that remained intact…. Noting much was left in our designated area. It looked awful, like in those World War II films where nothing remained. A totally destroyed city”, “there was a point where D-9s were razing the area, it was amazing. At first you go in and see lots of houses. A week later, after the razing, you see the horizon further away, almost to the sea”; “the amount of destruction there was incredible.  You drive around those neighborhoods, and can’t identify a thing. Not one stone left standing over another. You see plenty of fields, hothouses, orchards, everything devastated. Totally ruined. It’s terrible. It’s surreal.”

The massacre ended up not only with civilian casualties, but with horrendous devastation as well. Israel destroyed 58,000 homes, 280 schools and kindergartens, 1,500 factories and workshops, 80% of agricultural crops. The estimated cost of the damage was $660-900 million.

After the Gaza invasion many humanitarian organizations including the UN condemned Israel. However, with the U.S. support, it is nearly impossible to reach a condemnation on this matter. Though quite a number of reports have been issued what we can see after 3 years since the invasion is that nothing has changed. But do not worry; there is still justice in this world. One soldier has been sentenced to prison for stealing a Palestinian’s credit card.

It seems that every assault by Israel has a pretext to justify it. Israel forged a siege on Gaza Strip. Reason? Because Palestinians, during their first free elections, voted “the wrong way”. Palestinians chose Hamas as their government but they made a mistake by choosing someone whom the U.S. and Israel are not in favor of. Israel increased the attack on Gaza because Hamas captured a soldier of them. The irony is that Israel has a long history of kidnapping not just soldiers but also civilians and putting them into jail for years without a trial. Israel captured 8000 Palestinians political prisoners, 60 of whom are women and 390 children.

Another pretext is self-defence, because the primitive rockets launched by Hamas are threatening the safety of Israel. Also because Palestinians are terrorists who wish to put an end to Israel, therefore Israel must attack them before the Palestinians launch any attack.

More than sixty years living in oppression, the Palestinians are given the choice of either leaving or getting killed. Israel does not intend to end its assault on Palestine until Palestine is wiped out completely, while Palestinians refuse to leave their land and submit to the demands of Israel because even if Israel exists as a fact, it does not exist as a right.

Adventurer’s Journey

A human being is born with an instinctive passion for exploring and discovering. From the moment he steps out in this world an adventurer’s journey begins, a journey full learning and challenges.

During childhood a human being is in his maximum limits of wonderment. Learning becomes a necessity to him because it amuses him. How does the sun rise from the east? How do birds fly high in the sky? Why don’t snakes have legs? Each time he asks a question, he receives an answer, and he gains more knowledge.

As a human being proceeds in his life and gets older, a new concept is introduced to him: schooling. He starts going to school where he must be put in a classroom with kids around his age. He starts receiving text books about different subjects: math, science, literature, history and so on. He gets introduced to the person who will explain these textbooks for him, the teacher.

Now a person must give up on his adventurer’s journey and start a new one, a student’s journey. A student must sit in a classroom with his classmates; listen to a teacher standing in front of the class, explaining a textbook. A student must memorize information, because he is going to be tested in this information. A student must learn information from a textbook and then copy these information on an exam paper. A student must be obedient, follow the rules, bring his textbook to class every day, listen to what the teacher is saying, do homework, perform well in exams otherwise he will lose grades. Ah, grades, a student’s fuel in life. It is what motivates him to work harder; it is what inspires him to put a huge effort in school. It is what defines him in the eyes of his teachers, peers, and himself. If a student gets an A+ then he is an ideal student, a person who deserves to be clapped for. If a student gets a D or an F then he is a useless, lazy human being who is not capable of learning and producing.

You see in this schooling system a student’s passion for exploring evaporates year after year. He is now obliged to conform to this system. This system that turns everyone into machines, with no distinctions between them but grades. This system that wants students to abide by meaningless orders and rules, read books they do not want to read, learn things they have no interest in, instead of exploring in their own fields of interest and according to their own way of thinking.

Year after year a student’s adventurer’s journey is forgotten and diminished. In the end we are confronted with machines that are not capable of thinking analytically nor solve problems, but sit behind a desk and work.

An educational system should mentor students on how to continue in their adventurer’s journey. Open the doors for them to go beyond what they have dreamed of. To explore, discover, learn, solve, and produce new materials to the world every day. Help them realize how valuable knowledge is, and how valuable they are in building a better world.

Better education = better societies, better societies = better world.

Inside Afghanistan

Afghanistan has always been a target for invasion due to its strategic position relative to Central Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. After more than 30 years of war, Afghanistan still suffers from fissures and instability. 

The most drastic event which turned the situation in Afghanistan upside down occurred in 1978. During that year the Saur revolution sought to overthrow the current government and implement an atheist regime. The revolution succeeded and a Marxist-Leninist government, supported by the Soviet Union, was installed. in reaction to this the Mujahedeen started to form an opposition force mainly from Pashtun tribes. Their aim was to overthrow the atheist government. In order to stop the Mujahedeen the atheist government requested help from the Soviet Union.

 In 1979, the Soviet Union army started crossing the borders of Afghanistan, fighting the Mujahedeen. Afghanistan then fell into war for 9 years between the Soviet Union and the Mujahedeen. Mullah Mohammed Omar a distinguished man who fought the Soviets with the Mujahedeen became a popular figure that was to play a key role in shaping the future of Afghanistan.

The Soviet Union had all kinds of weapons to fight the Afghans and win the war. But the Afghans kept on fighting. The US took advantage of the war and supported Mujahedeen to defeat the Soviet Union (their primary rivals), a tactic which they though would weaken their army and lead them to an economic crisis.  

The Unites States had to perform its plan quietly, using Saudi Arabia for money and Pakistan to pass the aids through its borders with Afghanistan. The plan proved to be successful; in 1989 the soviets finally retreated from Afghanistan. 

 After the withdrawal of the soviets, what seemed to be the end of the war was in fact a beginning of another much longer war. Due to the fact that there was no government to rule the country, in addition to the Mujahedeen who were divided after the war each group wanting to rule the country. In 1996 the Taliban movement was formed under the leadership of Mullah Mohammed Omar. Taliban fought to conquer the country and gain the rule. They managed to join many Afghan cities even the capital city Kabul under their rule. That is when Taliban declared itself the official government of Afghanistan. Taliban were initially recruited from madrasas (religious schools) were they have been trained and that is where the name comes from as these students were called Talibs or Taliban. Eventually they have been called and known of Taliban.

Taliban lasted from 1996-2001. During that period the most strict sharia law ever known was implemented in the country. Women were not allowed to go out without a chaperon and without fully covering their bodies and wearing burqas (a face veil). Girls’ education was banned, so was music, movies, TVs. Having a beard and praying in a mosque was compulsory for men. Whoever violated their laws was sentenced to receive the appropriate punishment. Only two countries recognized the Taliban regime: Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. 

The Taliban  gained recognition from a well-known wealthy Saudi figure, Osama Bin Laden. Bin Laden, who previously aided the Mujahedeen during their war against the Soviets, joined Taliban and became very close to their leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. Soon Bin Laden started his own organization and named it “Al-Qaeda” with a vision of uniting the Islamic world under one sovereign. 

On September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda was accused of launching the attack, even though there was no clear evidence of who was behind the attack. Bush declared a war on terror (which ultimately ended up being a war on Afghanistan) to fight Al-Qaeda and capture Bin Laden.

On the same year, The United States backed by Britain launched air strikes on Afghanistan in retaliation to the 9/11 attacks which Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda was held responsible for. A new war was waged on Afghanistan which has not ended till today. During the years of the war with the United States, many innocent civilians have been either killed or displaced. It was also reported that opium trade increased. 

Hamid Karzai was installed, by the United States, as the president of Afghanistan. Many NATO countries joined the United States and UK in their attacks including France, Germany and Italy. in 2001, Taliban government collapsed and many of them fled to near country Pakistan. However, since 2006 Taliban has been back to the scene with an increased level of insurgency. During the Obama administration 30,000 troops were sent to Afghanistan. It has been decided that by the end of 2014 the US troops will withdraw and control will be shifted to Afghan Security Forces.

Up until today Afghanistan is still suffering from the wars that had been fought on its land. More than two million people have died through over thirty years of war, and over one million people have been displaced. Up until today the current government of Hamid Karzai is failing to restore order in the country and in dismantling Taliban. The devastation that the Unites States invasion has caused in its war in Afghanistan is one of the most brutal crimes committed to a nation. 

To the brave people of Afghanistan, the brave generations that has only known war as a meaning of life.